白令海大型底栖动物群落结构及其空间分布格局     

林和山  刘坤  王建军  黄雅琴  李众  林俊辉  何雪宝  张舒怡  牟剑锋  王雨  邢炳鹏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(6):72-81

Due to its unique geological location, the Bering Sea is an ideal place to investigate the water exchange and ecosystem connectivity of the Pacific Ocean–Arctic Ocean and subarctic–Arctic region. Based on a number of summer surveys(July to September, 2010, 2012 and 2014), macrobenthic communities and their spatial-temporal patterns are exhibited for the majority of the Bering Sea(53°59′–64°36′N). The results show that the macrobenthic communities were dominated by northern cold-water species and immigrant eurythermic species, and the communities assumed a dispersed and patchy distribution pattern. Polychaetes(Scoloplos armiger), crustaceans(Ceradocus capensis) and sea urchins(Echinarachnius parma) were the main dominant groups in the shallow shelves; the sea star(Ctenodiscus crispatus) and the brittle star(Ophiura sarsii) were the main dominant groups in the continental slope; whereas small polychaetes(Prionospio malmgreni) dominated the basin area. Sediment type, water depth, and currents were the major factors affecting the structure and spatial distribution of the macrobenthic communities. Compared with other seas, the shallow areas of the Bering Sea showed an extremely high-standing biomass. In particular, the northern shelf area(north of St. Lawrence Islands and west of 170°W),which is primarily controlled by Anadyr Water, is an undersea oasis. In contrast, a deficiency in the downward transport of particulate organic carbon has resulted in a desert-like seabed in the basin area. By comparing our results to previous studies, we found that macrobenthic communities of the Bering Sea have undergone significant structural changes in recent decades, resulting in a decrease in abundance and an increase in biomass.In addition, populations of amphipods and bivalves in the northern shelves have decreased significantly and have been gradually replaced by other species. These changes might be associated with advanced seasonal ice melting,changes in organic carbon input, and global warming, indicating that large-scale ecosystem changes have been occurring in the Bering Sea.  相似文献   

基于面板数据的海洋环境污染对海洋经济发展影响的实证研究          下载免费PDF全文

何林涛  陈璇 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(2):17-21

文章基于我国沿海11个省(自治区、直辖市)海洋环境和海洋经济的面板数据,将海洋产业结构和海洋产业劳动力要素投入作为控制变量,构建双对数面板数据模型,就海洋环境污染对海洋经济发展的影响进行实证分析。结果表明:海洋环境污染与海洋经济发展存在负相关关系,海洋产业结构与海洋经济发展存在正相关关系,海洋产业劳动力要素投入与海洋经济发展存在负相关关系。基于此,为促进海洋经济的可持续发展,提出加强海洋环境保护和治理、优化升级海洋产业结构以及培养和引进海洋专业人才的建议。  相似文献   

不同发展模式下资源环境承载力评价——以海南省为例     

牛方曲  杨欣雨  孙东琪 《热带地理》2020,40(6):1109-1116

文章关注于产业、人口与资源环境要素的作用关系，建构了资源环境承载力综合评价框架，并以海南省为案例区开展应用研究。该框架首先对区域产业重要性进行评价并分级，为产业结构调整提供依据；其次解析了区域产业、人口资源消耗与污染排放强度，最后，基于产业评价结果设定不同的产业结构调整情景，结合产业和人口的资源消耗与污染排放强度评价不同产业结构下的资源环境承载力，即产业和人口的规模上限。结果表明：2016年海南省的经济规模并未超载，产业有进一步发展空间。其中土地资源成为海南省发展的首要限制因素，其次是水环境；海南经济效益较高的支柱产业和基础性产业多为高耗水、高污染的产业，亟需加强水资源的集约利用，并降低污染排放强度。为提升经济发展规模上限，需要培育低能耗、低排放的产业。文章建构的资源环境承载力评价方法将产业、人口与资源环境相联系，其评价结果政策意义更为明确，可为优化产业结构调整、控制产业及人口发展规模提供决策参考。  相似文献   

珠三角流动人口的代际就业结构分异及影响因素——基于六城市的调查分析     

张晓菲  张国俊  周春山 《热带地理》2020,40(5):821-831

基于珠三角六城市流动人口的问卷调查数据，划分流动人口就业类型，从职业布局和多样化指数的角度比较了新生代、中生代和老一代三代流动人口职业结构差异，利用无序多分类Logistic模型对影响因素进行探究。研究发现：1）珠三角流动人口整体就业水平不高，就业结构在代际间分异明显。新生代在技术型就业和公司文员型就业上表现出优势，中生代在各行业就业相对均衡，老一代多被束缚在以体力劳动为主的基础型部门；就业多样化水平随代际的升高而下降。2）代际就业结构的影响因素及影响方式存在共性和差异，共性因子为受教育程度、月薪水平和性别；外出务工时间正向影响新生代服务型和管理型就业，工作环境稳定的职业对已婚新生代更具吸引力，中生代对户籍和工作保障因子更为敏感。政府可从代际就业特征出发，为流动人口制定有针对性的就业政策；针对就业市场中女性和农村户籍人口的弱势地位，为其提供就业引导，创造健康的就业环境，提高流动人口整体就业水平。  相似文献   

多维地震作用下大跨空间结构的减震控制分析          下载免费PDF全文

赵祥  刘忠华  王社良  杨涛  展猛 《地震工程学报》2018,40(3):398-405

考虑到多维地震输入对网架结构的不利影响,基于形状记忆合金超弹性,研制出一种兼具自复位、高耗能及放大功能于一体的形状记忆合金复合黏滞阻尼器(Hybrid Shape Memory Alloy Viscous Dampers,简称HSMAVD),并通过试验研究该阻尼器在循环荷载作用下的力学性能;然后以平面四角锥网架模型为基础,将该阻尼器替换部分网架结构杆件,并分析该阻尼器减震控制效果。结果表明形状记忆合金与黏滞阻尼器复合后具有良好的协同工作能力,可有效发挥形状记忆合金的超弹性和黏滞阻尼器的速度相关特性,使其具有稳定的滞回性能和良好的耗能能力;采用阻尼杆件替换原杆件的方法既能对结构进行有效的减震控制,又不改变原有的结构形式,是一种优越的减震控制方法,并为HSMAVD被动控制系统在结构抗震中的实际应用提供新思路。  相似文献   

钢筋混凝土建筑结构的抗地震破坏倒塌能力评估研究          下载免费PDF全文

汪玉容 《地震工程学报》2018,40(5):919-925

在地震作用下钢筋混凝土建筑结构出现破坏倒塌为地震灾害中的关键,有效评估建筑结构抗地震破坏倒塌能力是建筑结构设计的前提,也是当前建筑结构提高抗震性能与加固的依据。提出变形指标极值、失效判断标准以及钢筋混凝土建筑结构倒塌极限状态判断标准,据此获取倒塌储备系数、倒塌易损性、结构整体超强系数、结构整体延性系数等评估标准。采用Pushover分析法选择相应地震波。依据梁柱线刚比对建筑结构抗倒塌能力的影响,以及柱端弯矩增加系数对建筑结构抗地震破坏倒塌能力的影响,对建筑结构易损性进行分析。结果表明:等跨建筑结构抗地震破坏倒塌能力更强;建筑结构底层是薄弱层,COF值越高,结构越容易倒塌。  相似文献   

川西高温水热活动区深部热结构的地球物理分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李午阳  张健  唐显春  天骄  王迎春  郭琦 《地球物理学报》2018,61(7):2926-2936

川西高温水热活动区是地热学研究的典型地区之一，该区温泉、热泉点分布广泛，这些温泉大多沿北西-南东向的金沙江断裂、德格-乡城断裂、甘孜-理塘断裂、鲜水河三条主断裂呈条带状分布.对此高温水热活动区开展地热学分析，是研究青藏高原"东构造结"深部地球动力学过程、开发利用川西高原地热资源的重要基础，具有重要的科学研究意义和实际应用价值.本文针对实测氦同位素所发现的壳幔热结构比，依据重力、航空磁法、地震资料，采用反演莫霍面、居里面深度等方法，对川西高温水热活动区的深部热结构进行了分析.同时对中高温热泉密集出露的巴塘、理塘以及康定水热活动区的典型壳幔热流构与深部背景场进行了对比研究.结果表明，地表氦同位素热流估算的深部热流结构与地球物理异常结果保持较好的对应关系.川西地区热流结构中地壳、地幔的热贡献比较接近：巴塘地区平均Q_c/Q=51.38%、理塘地区平均Q_c/Q=54.39%、康定地区平均Q_c/Q=42.42%.川西地区表现出了"温壳温幔"型的深部热结构，但温地壳背景下形成较高地表热流的原因有待进一步研究.  相似文献   

A simple strategy for dynamic substructuring: I. Concept and development     

Aikaterini Stefanaki  M. V. Sivaselvan 《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(9):1801-1822

Dynamic substructuring refers to physical testing with computational models in the loop. This paper presents a new strategy for such testing. The key feature of this strategy is that it decouples the substructuring controller from the physical subsystem. Unlike conventional approaches, it does not explicitly include a tracking controller. Consequently, the design and implementation of the substructuring controls are greatly simplified. This paper motivates the strategy and discusses the main concept along with details of the substructuring control design. The focus is on configurations that use shake tables and active mass drivers. An extensive experimental assessment of the new strategy is presented in a companion paper, where the influence of various factors such as virtual subsystem dynamics, control gains, and nonlinearities is investigated, and it is shown that robustly stable and accurate substructuring is achieved.  相似文献   

Coordinative similitude law considering fluid‐structure interaction for underwater shaking table tests     

Zhong‐Xian Li  Kun Wu  Yundong Shi  Ning Li  Yang Ding 《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(11):2315-2332

Generally, when a model is made of the same material as the prototype in shaking table tests, the equivalent material density of the scaled model is greater than that of the prototype because mass is added to the model to satisfy similitude criteria. When the water environment is modeled in underwater shaking table tests, however, it is difficult to change the density of water. The differences in the density similitude ratios of specimen materials and water can affect the similitude ratios of the hydrodynamic and wave forces with those of other forces. To solve this problem, a coordinative similitude law is proposed for underwater shaking table tests by adjusting the width of the upstream face of the model or the wave height in the model test to match the similitude ratios of hydrodynamic and wave forces with those of other forces. The designs of the similitude relations were investigated for earthquake excitation, wave excitation, and combined earthquake and wave excitation conditions. Series of numerical simulations and underwater shaking table tests were performed to validate the proposed coordinative similitude law through a comparison of coordinative model and conventional model designed based on the coordinative similitude law and traditional artificial mass simulation, respectively. The results show that the relative error was less than 10% for the coordinative model, whereas it reached 80% for the conventional model. The coordinative similitude law can better reproduce the dynamic responses of the prototype, and thus, this similitude law can be used in underwater shaking table tests.  相似文献   

3D P-WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE AT THE NORTHEASTERN MARGIN OF ORDOS BLOCK     

HAN Xiao-ming  Liu Fang  ZHANG Fan  CHEN Li-feng  LI Juan  LI Shuan-hu  YANG Hong-ying 《地震地质》2018,40(1):215-231

Using the 7 100 absolute first arrivals of P waves and 91 513 relative P arrival times of 726 events at the northeastern margin of the Ordos block since 2009, the 3D fine structure of P wave velocity within the depth of 15km in the crust was inverted by the double difference seismic tomography method. The results show that there exist obvious high-speed continuous bodies in the northwest of the study area, and their lateral areas increase gradually with depth, while the velocity of east and south is relatively low. The velocity inhomogeneity exists and differs at different depths. The lateral differences of velocity are related to seismicity and faults. The 5~15km depth profile shows that earthquakes tend to occur in the area with relatively high velocity or high speed transition zones, which to some extent reflects the fragility of regional crustal media and the strong differential movement of faults in vertical and horizontal directions where the crust body is easy to absorb and store strain energy and generate major earthquakes. A "Y"-shape low-velocity channel is present in the lower crust around Liangcheng, corresponding to the NW-trending Heilaoyao-Shahukou fault set, which may reveal the migration path of the Late Tertiary-Quaternary basalt eruption. The Helingeer M6.2 earthquake in 1976 was related to the formation of the locking section of the thermal welding in this area. The three-dimensional fine structure of P wave velocity presented in this paper provides intuitive seismological evidence for physical and chemical properties of crustal media and the deep tectonic environment of earthquake preparation.  相似文献